Chapter 1 and 2:
History was very by the book leading up to the Enlightenment. Like others have said, most historians looked at miltary (wars) and political (kings and leaders) history as the only kind of history. It wasn't until the englightment when historians began to consider and record social history and cultural history. Its amazing to me that historians could be recording certain eras or events and not consider this. How do you write about a war or a king and not write about how the people of the country feel about it?
The Annales school would change this and the change was led my Lucien Febrve and Marc Bloch. And to me, it seems as though Burke liked Febrve much more than he did Bloch. Although he did talk about Bloch a fair amount in this chapter, he went on and on about Febrve. Now I could be totally wrong because it is possible that Burke had little to say about Bloch because he was shot and killed at a younger age, but who knows. Also, Burke pounds the idea of the friendship between the two into the readers heads. I think that the annales school really came about because these two were such good friends with these brilliant minds so natually they wanted to leave their mark on history and how we look at it.
If Bloch had lived longer how would the Annales school have been changed? Could it still be around today?
Aries:
Aries is the man who is responsible for considering Children in the study of history, another great "stride" in history that just boggles my mind. Why were children left out of history before this? Its so ridiculous that the men who were writing history upuntil recent centuries just desiregarded so many aspects of history. Studying children can give historians and the world such a great perspective on different events. Its always great to see how a child feels about something like a war or mayube an election because they are so young and innocent that they can give us this fresh perspective. Also, if you ask a child about something you know that you are getting their 100% honest and truthful answer. They're not going to hold anything back and this is great for historians.
How have the study of children affected how we view history?
Ladurie:
To me, it seems like Ladurie was using Cliometrics. He would find quantitative data that he could use to put in some type of formula or algorithim and use it to find long patterns and similarities throughout history. Cliometics is a very interesting tool to use when it comes to history because it gives the historian something that he can use as proof for his connections or his findings. For example if a certain drop in economic progress lead to a civil war in more than one situation the historian could say that are connected and back it up. Now its not 100% true all of the time but it is strongly correlated for sure.
What kind of data could you use if you were using Cliometrics.
Ozouf:
Ozouf took what the Annales school was doing and added it to what she was doing when looking at the french revolution. She took the new idea of looking at history from a cultural and social view point as opposed to the old vanilla type of politics and miltary and used it when she looked at the revolution. This is a great way to look at a social uprising because, although it is usually caused by politics, it has its roots in a social problem.
What events in history are better to look at from a social view point than a politcal one?
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